It is important to realize that Farrakhan is the current leader of one of two main NOI factions that emerged after the Honorable Elijah Muhammads death on Feb. 24, 1975. Garvey taught the Negroes that their homeland was Ethiopia. The NOI teaches that Wallace Fard Muhammad was an avatar of Allah, who came to America to educate on this forgotten history. WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. Fard as being Allah (God) and claims that Fard is the source of all of his teachings, it is suggested that an exhaustive effort be made to fully identify and locate W. D. Fard and/or members of his family. He was known usually as Mr. Wali Farrad or Mr. W. D. Fard, though he used also the following names: Professor Ford, Mr. Farrad Mohammed, Mr. F. Mohammed Ali. Now, the Messenger and his Laborers worked day and night for the last three and one-half years, and their accomplishments are approximately twenty-five thousand"[25], In this lesson, Fard places the number of converts obtained in Detroit at 25,000, and he describes a "Messenger" sent to the "Lost-Found Nation of Islam" who is "of their own". Clegg, a history professor at the University of Indiana at Bloomington, responded: The version of the story that characterizes Fard as being of Pakistani descent and having a criminal background seems to have some validity, though neither allegation has been conclusively proven. Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. He disappeared in 1934 after several arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the Nation of Islam. It was an independent monarchy and other than a few missionaries and traders the population was almost entirely native Hawaiian. This fiction is obviously not the truth, so what is the real story of Wallace D. Fard? . Fard disappeared in 1934. [4], Fard was arrested again on January 20, 1926, for violation of the California Woolwine Possession Act,[39] and on February 15, 1926, for violation of the State Poison Act, for which he was sentenced to six months to six years at San Quentin State Prison on June 12, 1926. (February 22, 2023). On the 1930 U.S. Census, a man listed as William D. Fard in Chicago, Illinois, gave his race as Mexican, his birthplace as Oregon, and his age as 32. ." The men of the organization were drilled by captains and referred to as the Fruit of Islam. From then onwards, he is untraceable. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. On the other hand, in a speech made on April 1, 2001, titled The Greatness of Master Fard Muhammad, the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan reiterated Fards origins in the Holy City of Mecca, and referred to him as the Mahdi, a man absolutely guided by God in the Islam faith. Among the files reviewed was that of Wallace Dodd Ford. Fard, they say, was born in 1877, which would make him 53 in 1930. But he's certainly not black like he claimed. WebIn late 1933 or in 1934 Fardmysteriously disappeared from public record. Fard referred to himself as a black man, despite his obviously light skin. WebWallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad (/ f r d /; reportedly born February 26, c. 1877 disappeared c. 1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. He told his followers that they were not Americans and therefore owed no allegiance to the American flag and could refuse to serve in its military. The later official view of the Nation of Islam was that he was in Mecca. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. The entire movement was placed under a Minister of Islam. Fard snuck back into Detroit in January 1933, but was identified by authorities, arrested in May and again ordered to leave the city. This is my own personal theory and it is out there so this is a fair warning: I believe that Ford was a FBI plant sent in as a cointel agent to gather intelligence on the civil rights movement that would getting traction in many inner city's and southern States. Modern Nation of Islam theology is based upon the belief that Fard's teaching of Elijah Muhammad was fulfillment of scripture regarding God's teaching of an Apostle, where Fard is described as "God in Person", the "Messiah", and the "Mahdi". I taught him some lessons. One of the few survivors who heard his first addresses states that he himself said: 'My name is W. D. Fard and I came from the Holy City of Mecca. Fard appeared as a peddler "from the East," selling silks and other sundries and dispensing advice about health and spiritual development to his customers. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. If in this way they obeyed Allah, he would take them back to the Paradise from which they had been stolen the Holy City of Mecca. Officials said he came to the United States from Asia.". The FBI were confident that Wallace Dodd Ford was, in fact, Wallace Fard Muhammad. [10], The annual Saviour's Day event is held in honor of Master Fard's birth. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. There are two popular theories regarding Ford/Fard's background - that he was the child of a South Asian/Arabic man and a white woman, or the child of a Maori man and a white woman. Sources: Immigration record of Khanialam Khan https://familysearch.org, FBI report on Wallace Fard Muhammad https://vault.fbi.gov, Mugshots of Wallace Fard Muhammad and Wallie Dodd Ford https://www.findagrave.com, Marriage record of Fred Dodd and Pearl Allen https://www.ancestry.com, Prison file of Wallie Dodd Ford https://www.ancestry.com, Draft registration card of Wallie Dodd Ford https://familysearch.org, Wallie D. Ford on the 1920 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Birth record of Fords son, Wallace Max Ford https://familysearch.org, Marriage record of Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino https://familysearch.org, William D. Fard on the 1930 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Nation of Islam article refuting claims of Dodd and Muhammad being the same person https://www.noi.org. He was ultimately forced to leave Detroit because of an allegation that he encouraged one of his followers to engage in a ritual of human sacrifice. He claimed his father was a black Arab and his mother from the Caucasus mountains. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. He bases this theory on several indications:[30], The 2019 book Finding W.D. Some people claim that he died from injuries inflicted by the police while he was in jail. [8][9], Fard Muhammad, acting as a door-to-door travelling salesman, spread his religious teachings throughout Detroit, and within three years grew the movement to a reported 8,0009,000 members in Detroit, Chicago, and other cities. [19], In the early stage of his ministry, Fard "used the Bible as his textbook, since it was the only religious book with which the majority of his hearers were familiar. The Caucasians are the colored people, since they have lost their original color. We must give up the slave names of our slave-masters and accept the name of Allah (God) or one of His divine attributes. On the 1920 U.S. Census, Ford gave his race as White, his birthplace as New Zealand, and his age as 26. [citation needed] Harris attended meetings of the Detroit chapter of the Nation of Islam, then also called the Order of Islam, and Allah Temple of Islam, where he was given the name of Robert Karriem. Tracing Ford's link to Portland, the FBI determined he had married an 18-year-old Native American girl in 1914 called Pearl Allen. "Black Muslims," a name coined by C. Eric Lincoln in 1960, refers to the members of one of the most militant and separati, Muhammad, Elijah 18971975 What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. What happened to Fard after he left Detroit? https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader, African American Religions: Muslim Movements, Muhammad, Elijah Karriem (18971975), Religious and Political Leader. The past History shows that the ALMIGHTY ALLAH sends Prophets and Apostles for the people's Guide and Example, and through them HIS Mystery was Revealed. He advocated community members to establish and own their own businesses,[13] eat healthy, raise families, and refrain from drugs and alcohol. [30] Evanzz based his account of Fard's life on the declassified portion of the FBI file that he received about a decade after his request. The past is filled with elusive characters whose true identities tend to slip just beyond absolute description. Fard reportedly claimed to have been born in 1877. FBI records identified him as an unstable wanderer named Wallace Dodd Ford who came to the United States from New Zealand in 1913. He was drawn to return to the United States in order to liberate the African-Americans from their half-slave and half-free condition. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. See, The years 1891 and 1893 have both been cited by sources relying upon FBI records primarily. Fard appears in the novel Middlesex, by Jeffrey Eugenides, in which Fard's Detroit Temple No. A Fred Dodd married Pearl Allen in Portland, Oregon in 1914. [55] Authors have also cited E. U. Essien-Udom for this proposition as well. A group calling themselves the Nation of Islam are preaching a radical black nationalist dogma that promotes pan-Africanism and outright racism. He arrived in Detroits Paradise Valley on July 4, 1930, in order to achieve this goal. Others asserted that he had returned to Mecca to prepare for his eventual return. Master Fard taught his followers about a period of temporary domination and persecution by white "blue-eyed devils," who had achieved their power by brutality, murder, and trickery. The Nation of Islam state that Muhammad was of African and Arab descent. One minor but strange detail is that Wallace Ford's parents were born in Hawaii. -, Press J to jump to the feed. What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. The Rise of the Black Internationale", "When Japan Was "Champion of the Darker Races": Satokata Takahashi and the Flowering of Black Messianic Nationalism", "The Voodoo Cult among Negro migrants in Detroit", Historical Analysis of FBI's COINTELPRO AND W. Fard Muhammad, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wallace_Fard_Muhammad&oldid=1141937668, Members of the Moorish Science Temple of America, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2022, Articles with disputed statements from July 2019, Articles with trivia sections from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The name Fard is a common surname in Pakistan as are other names he bestowed upon his followers such as Shabazz, Ghulam, and Kallatt, Interviews with long-time Nation figures who met him or saw original photos of him such as, Early teachings from Fard indicated a distrust and disdain for Hinduism, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 17:20. With growing prestige over a constantly increasing group, [Fard] became bolder in his denunciation of white people and began to attack the teachings of the Bible in such a way as to shock his hearers and bring them to an emotional crisis. [45] According to the FBI story, Fard was a "Muslim from Turkey who had come to the United States in the early 1900s. The 2 smear campaigns that were released also have me wondering what the agency hoped to accomplish. Some have suggested that he was a member of the Moorish Science Temple of America or the Ahmadiyyah Movement. [23] Following the rapid increase in membership, he instituted a formal organizational structure. The organizations humble origins in the Hastings Street Temple of Detroits Paradise Valley are little known, as is the story of the enigmatic Wallace D. Fard. Consequently, Fard and another leader, Ugan Ali, were arrested and questioned. The marriage did not last even a year; Ford accused his wife of being an alcoholic and a bad spender. 5 (54) [25] In 1933, he began signing his name "W. F. Muhammad", which stands for "Wallace Fard Muhammad". Two days later, Elijah Muhammads son, Wallace Muhammad, was named leader of the NOI, and quickly distanced himself from certain aspects of his fathers teachings most notably those denouncing whites as devils. He was a few years away from retirement so he was quiet old. This fits with Ford's former professions. "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader After Desdemona is hired and settles into a familiar routine of caring for the delicate silkworms the Nation of Islam breeds to make cloth, she discovers that she can hear the speeches of Master W.D. [23] "Within three years the prophet not only began the movement but organized it so well that he himself was able to recede into the background, appearing almost never to his followers during the final months of his residence in Detroit."[24]. Otherwise he would chastise us with a severe chastisement until we did submit. To Mr. Fard alone do they offer prayer and sacrifice. So they sent a Messenger to them of their own. Muhammad, Elijah. "[25], Fard wrote several lessons which are read and committed to memory by members of the Nation of Islam. ", Read more about this topic: Wallace Muhammad. [22], Fard named his community the "Nation of Islam". Harris was later declared mentally unbalanced, pleaded guilty and was imprisoned, while Fard and Ali were released. 1 is the location setting for several scenes in the book. Members of the Nation of Islam believe that he was a light-skinned black man or mulatto who knew both the white and the black world and who was born on February 26, 1877. Fard, 2017, by A.K. There is No God but ALLAH. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); (function() { Some people probably think Elijah Muhammad did it himself, since he was pretty much the only person to have any kind of real relationship with Fard. Although there is only one known picture of "Fard", there are a few known photographs of "Ford", mostly police mugshots: https://zaidpub.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/walaace-fard.jpg. Fard, a man who the FBI alleged used 58 aliases during his lifetime, visited Detroit. Fard, facing possible charges, confessed that his teachings were dangerous and that he would use his influence to disband the ATI. It's the late 1950s and the civil rights movement is beginning to emerge. In 1933, Fard disappeared and a power struggle within the NOI emerged. [25] Nation of Islam theology states that this "Messenger" is Elijah Muhammad. By 1930 a permanent split developed in the movement. Corrections? Message to the Black Man in America. Fard, which contains 40 questions answered by Elijah Muhammad, one of the lost found in the wilderness of North America February 20th, 1934."[25]. Finally, the community contributed money and rented a hall to serve as a temple where meetings were conducted. The NOI teaches that Wallace Fard Muhammad was an avatar of Allah, who came to America to educate on this forgotten history. Who was Wallace Fard and what happened to him? And that she is number one to be destroyed. [26], On November 20, 1932, James J. Smith, a black man, was killed by Robert Harris, who was his roommate and a member of the Nation of Islam, on a makeshift altar in what was described as a human sacrifice. [9], In 1938, sociologist Erdmann Doane Beynon published in the American Journal of Sociology a firsthand account of several interviews he conducted with followers of Fard in Michigan. According to the version of Elijah, he saw Fard off at the Detroit airport when Fard was being deported. However, the date of retrieval is often important. WebMaster Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. In 1933, Fard disappeared and a power struggle within the NOI emerged. I am your brother. [8][29], Karl Evanzz of The Washington Post submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the FBI in 1978 requesting its file on Fard. [41] Immigration records did not match any of his aliases. [45], A February 19, 1963, FBI memorandum states: "In connection with efforts to disrupt and curb growth of the NOI, extensive research has been conducted into various files maintained by this office. He further reported that he was a resident alien and citizen of Afghanistan. Jeffrey Eugenides novel Middlesex, which could justly be called a Detroit epic, includes a fascinating chapter in which the matriarch of the Stephanides family, Desdemona, takes a job as a silk worker at the Nation of Islams headquarters on Hastings Street. He claimed he was influenced by the group. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and made a living as a street merchant. "Shinka" never actually existed, but there is a district called Shinkay in the Zabul Province of Afghanistan. 2 as its headquarters. The Noble Drew Ali, the prophet of the Moorish-Americans, proclaimed that these people were 'descendants of Morrocans [Moroccans]'. He had met Muhammad in prison where the two men plotted a confidence game in which followers were charged a fee to become Muslims. The FBI officially claims this: Fard got into hot water when in May 1933, one of his followers performed a ritual murder as a sacrifice to God. "[62], Fard's lessons actually state that the "traders" referenced by Beynon, came to Africa, not Mecca.[63]. 2 was given by our Prophet, W.D. "[45] After the story was published, Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X subsequently charged black media outlets, which reprinted the accusation in large numbers, with running the story without requesting a response from the Nation of Islam. 1960. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. Karriem was found to be legally insane and was committed. Encyclopedia.com. 22 Feb. 2023
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