Note collapse of the benching. means a method of protecting employees from cave-ins, from material that could fall or roll from an excavation face or into an excavation, or from the collapse of adjacent structures. Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Of the four trenching and excavation protective systems, shield systems are also the most straightforward and simplistic, presenting less of a learning curve. If that situation occurs, the slope shall be cut back to an actual slope which is at least 1/2 horizontal to one vertical (1/2H:1V) less steep than the maximum allowable slope. For example wide excavation areas can: To prevent the collapse of an unsupported bench in an excavation 8 feet or less in depth, the allowable height of a bench at the base of an excavation must be 3 1/2 feet or less. (c) Presentation of Information. Soil classification. A trench box is a protective system designed to keep workers safe, not an active shoring meant to keep trench walls from collapsing. From there, analyze the site conditions to determine the type of system thats best. All excavations are hazardous because they are inherently unstable. (b) Soil Classification. If a customer selects 3 of these pens at random, what is the probability that: means those requirements which are compatible with standards of practice required by a registered professional engineer. Angles have been rounded off. A competent person should determine the use of cave-in protection. Protective systems should be inspected and maintained on a daily basis, more often if conditions are constantly changing. Subscribe to our newsletter to receive the latest updates. What should an incident investigation program include. When Bob pulls on the right end with a 200 N force, he stretches the spring by 20 cm. [9] If you are not using protective systems or equipment while working in trenches or excavations at your site, you are in danger of suffocating, inhaling toxic materials, fire, drowning, or being crushed by a cave-in. www.constructionequipment.com is using a security service for protection against online attacks. It is by sloping the sides of the trench to a safe angle. (i) Design of support systems, shield systems, or other protective systems that are drawn from manufacturer's tabulated data shall be in accordance with all specifications, recommendations, and limitations issued or made by the manufacturer. The flatter the angle, the more protection the sloping offers. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. 10. Maximum allowable slope. Shielding protects workers by using trench boxes or other types of supports to prevent soil cave-ins. means the separation of a mass of soil or rock material from the side of an excavation, or the loss of soil from under a trench shield or support system, and its sudden movement into the excavation, either by falling or sliding, in sufficient quantity so that it could entrap, bury, or other wise injure and immobilize a person. As the term indicates, underpinning is a procedure in which the foundation is physically reinforced. In this method, a trench box or shield designed or approved by a registered professional engineer is used. Benching protects workers from cave-ins by creating horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near-vertical surfaces between levels. The angle required depends upon soil classification and water content. However, best practice is to consider some form of protection no matter how deep the trench. Manufactured materials and equipment used for protective systems shall be used and maintained in a manner that is consistent with the recommendations of the manufacturer, and in a manner that will prevent employee exposure to hazards. Note the ratio of the slope is 1:1. 6. Hydraulic Shoring. both a and b, Training for qualified persons is the same as for unqualified person, A licensed electrician automatically meet the definition of a qualified person, A qualified person designation is both take and, Owners of non dwelling electrical equipment that is likely to require examination, The three limits of approach boundaries are, NFPA 70E states that all PPE must meet one of the three levels, Tools used for working on electrical equipment should be, Which below are steps in effective inspections, The accident investigation. Designs of support systems, shield systems, and other protective systems shall be selected and constructed by the employer or his designee and shall be in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (c)(1); or, in the alternative, paragraph (c)(2); or, in the alternative, paragraph (c)(3); or, in the alternative, paragraph (c)(4) as follows: (c) Appendix C, Timber Shoring for Trenches. How far does Bob's end of the spring move? No means of protection was provided in the vertical wall trench. The service requires full cookie support in order to view this website. At least one copy of the tabulated data which identifies the registered professional engineer who approved the data, shall be maintained at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. Unsafe Access/Egress. (iii) Employees shall be protected from the hazard of cave-ins when entering or exiting the areas protected by shields. Type C soils are cohesive with an unconfined compressive strength of 0.5 tons per square foot or less, granular soils, submerged soil, submerged rock that is not stable, or material in a sloped, layered system where the layers dip into the excavation or with a slope of four horizontal to one vertical or steeper. These fatalities and accidents are preventable. Hazard or mitigation controls may be short and/or long term. A safety and health program changes as an organization changes. a. means a narrow excavation (in relation to its length) made below the surface of the ground. It is suited well for excavations where significant time is to be spent in one area. All subsequent benches must be below the maximum slope allowed for that soil type. Sloping. Design of support systems, shield systems, or other protective systems that are drawn from manufacturer's tabulated data shall be in accordance with all specifications, recommendations, and limitations issued or made by the manufacturer. Explain. Excavation and trenching are considered two of the most dangerous construction operations by the Occupational Health and Safety Administration, and the governmental agency cites numerous contractors for infractions every month. Under the OSHA 2226-10R 2015 Trenching and Excavation Safety standards, the competent person performs the following tasks to identify existing and predictable hazards: classify soil; inspect protective systems; design structural ramps; monitor water removal equipment; and, conduct site inspections. chlorinated hydrocarbons, PEL is an acronym for which of the following, SDS is an acronym fo which of the following, Welders helmets and respirators are examples of what type of controls, Oxygen cylinders in storage must be separated ", means a structure such as a metal hydraulic, mechanical or timber shoring system that supports the sides of an excavation and which is designed to prevent cave-ins. The only workers allowed in the trench should be those who are absolutely needed to perform the task at hand. After that time the data may be stored off the jobsite, but a copy of the data shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. All the above. Short-term maximum allowable slopes for excavations greater than 12 feet (3.67 m) in depth shall be 3/4H:1V (53). Protective systems shall have the capacity to resist without failure all loads that are intended or could reasonably be expected to be applied or transmitted to the system. The vertical supports are called uprights. Other timber shoring configurations; other systems of support such as hydraulic and pneumatic systems; and other protective systems such as sloping, benching, shielding, and freezing systems must be designed in accordance with the requirements set forth in 1926.652(b) and 1926.652(c). (iii) Manufacturer's specifications, recommendations, and limitations, and manufacturer's approval to deviate from the specifications, recommendations, and limitations shall be in written form at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. All excavations are hazardous because they are inherently unstable. (Click the Appendix B button below to see the Maximum Allowable Slope chart. 2Cu+(aq)Cu2+(aq)+Cu(s), Hazard or mitigation controls may be short and/or long term, Hazard prevention and control should contain both, A safety and health program is called a living document why, A safety and health program changes as an organization changes, What should an incident investigation program include, I'm general accidents and incidents are caused by unsafe or hazardous conditions and, Unsafe or unhealthy actions and behaviors, Who should be on the team that evaluates a safety and health program, Who should be involved in communication and coordination of safety and health programs, Managers are considered what within an organization when it comes to safety and health, What is the ideal time for conducting witness interviews during an incident investigation, As promptly as possible since memories fade over time, Which of the following is an incident that should be investigated, Of the following who should be the best choice to write your organization safety and health program, You have been investigating an incident where a worker was struck in the head by a flying scrap of wood from a table saw which of the following corrective actions might be the most appropriate, Table saws must always have guards installed, Which of the following is a benefit for having a safety and health program, A company may need to bid on a contract that requires safety and health documentation, When should a formal hazard assessment or inspection be performed, Which of the following is a line role with regard to an organizations safety and health program, Implementing and maintaining the safety and health program, Which of the following statement are true about incidents, Nearly all workplace incidents are wholly preventable, Personal fall arrest hooks must be locking and, Designed to prevent opening and slipping off the connector, Personal fall arrest system connectors must be compatible and capable of supporting at least, If there are defects found during the inspection of personal fall protection equipment or if the equipment has been used in an arrest it must be, Three major components of personal fall arrest sustain anchor and the anchorage connector full body harness and, Horizontal lifelines shall be designed installed and used under the supervision of a what as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains safety factor of at least two, Fall restraint systems must meet which of the following criteria, It is important to secure your ladder whenever feasible to, OSHA and ladder manufacturers require which of the following when ascending or descending, The three main types of portable ladders are, The 4:1 angle rule for extension ladders means which of the following, For every 4ft of the ladder it should be 1 for away from the wall, Protect yourself while working in a ladder by, Supported scaffold systems must be inspected for, Every supported scaffold and it's components must support without failure it's own weight and at least what the intended load, The guardrails on suspended scaffolds manufactured after the year 2000 must be how long with mid rails installed approximately halfway between the top rail and the platform surface, A what must be available to direct workers who are constructing a moving scaffolds, Employees must not work on scaffold surfaces until, The surface are determined to have the strength and structural integrity to support their intended loads, Hazards of type scaffold being used along with it's maximum intended load and capacity, A person must select direct employees who erect dismantle more or alter scaffold and who must inspect scafffolding to ensure compliance is called a, OSHA's specifically requires who to assess the workplace to determine if the walking and working surfaces on which you work have the strength and structural integrity to safety support workers, A what is any mechanism used to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest or otherwise limits the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest, Horizontal lifelines shall be designed installed and used under the supervision of a qualified person as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains a safety factor of, At least two times the maximum intended load, A what must be available to direct workers who are constructing or moving scaffolds, Electrical burns occur principally because of, The heat generated by the flow of electrical current through the body, The "B" in the acronym BESAFE stand for burns what are the 3 types of burns that are caused by exposure to electricity, An electrical hazard can be defined as a serious workplace hazard that exposes workers to which of the following, According to OSHA what does the term electrocution mean, Any overhead power line should be considered energized unless the entity owning or operating the electrical utility suppling the line certifies that it is, The minimum safe distance for equipment operating in proximity to energized power lines that contain up to 50,000 volts is, Where can minimum clearance distances for working near power lines be found, New and improved tolls and technologies exist that help prevent inadvertent shock and electrocution hazards with underground energized utilities including, The three most common GFCI's used today are, Which of the following is an electrical hazard, Extension cords should be inspected prior to their use for, For a lockout ragout to be effective all the energy sources must be isolated in the off position zero energy must be verified and each worker must apply an individual lock to the locking device the key for each persons lock is kept with, Which of the following are major causes do to the failure to follow lockout ragout procedures, The purpose of a lockout ragout checklist is to, OSHA requires all power cords to be protected from mechanical damage and environmental deterioration which includes protection from, You can help protect yourself from electrocution by, Personal protective equipment for electrical workers is designed to provide protection under certain circumstances and conditions typical footwear will be marked what if its approved for electrical work, Electrical PPE with the following defects must NOT be used With that said, whenever workers become too comfortable with a work method, there is an increased risk of complacency. Smith, Michael Abbott, Water Supply and Stream Management 202.12E. Trench box with ladder. means one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. (ii) The tabulated data shall be in written form and include all of the following: (A) Identification of the parameters that affect the selection of a protective system drawn from such data; (B) Identification of the limits of use of the data; (iii) At least one copy of the tabulated data, which identifies the registered professional engineer who approved the data, shall be maintained at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. Hazards are quickly identified, shared, and resolved. (2) Maximum allowable slope. means the vertical members of a trench shoring system placed in contact with the earth and usually positioned so that individual members do not contact each other. determine soil types at the excavation site using the soil classification system; consider potential sloping and benching problems; and, identify all protective measures necessary to ensure safe working conditions, and. The most frequently used strutted system involves aluminum hydraulic shores which are lightweight, re-usable and installed and removed completely from above ground. How far does Carlos's end of the spring move? Use Protective Systems. Members of support systems shall be securely connected together to prevent sliding, falling, kickouts, or other predictable failure. With these requirements addressed, contractors can not only provide safe job sites but also enable personnel to be productive in delivering quality work on time and within budget. Employees shall not be allowed in shields when shields are being installed, removed, or moved vertically. If the number is prime, write prime. Trench shields are usually constructed with sidewalls held apart by steel or aluminum spreaders. If a trench work site needs worker protection and active shoring, contractors should use a system that applies a load to the trench wall greater than the earthen load coming from the trench wall. means the accidental release or failure of a cross brace. As mentioned earlier, sloping is one of the most common protection systems used. Surcharge loads from adjacent structures shall be evaluated in accordance with 1926.651(i). (5) Miscellaneous notations regarding Tables C-1.1 through C-1.3 and Tables C-2.1 through C-2.3 are presented in paragraph (g) of this Appendix. Underpinning should be conducted only under the direction and with the approval of a registered professional engineer. Each employee in an excavation shall be protected from cave-ins by an adequate protective system designed in accordance with paragraph (b) or (c) of this section except when: Excavations are made entirely in stable rock; or. Timber and aluminum hydraulic. Shoring systems may also be required to support adjacent structures, like buildings, walls, sidewalks, or pavement. Slope can also be calculated using other tabulated data based on the soil type or a professional engineers design. Find the three numbers. Notice space between the box side and trench face. You will be redirected once the validation is complete. means a person who is registered as a professional engineer in the state where the work is to be performed. This appendix must be used when design of timber shoring protective systems is to be performed in accordance with 1926.652(c)(1). Focus Four Caught-in or -Between Hazards, osha 30 module 14 personal protective equipme. The primary difference is pneumatic shoring uses air pressure in place of hydraulic pressure. Protective systems include support systems, sloping and benching systems, shield systems, and other systems that provide the necessary protection. Which of the following is considered the safest of the four methods to prevent an excavation wall collapse? Follow guidelines for benching, sloping and use of shoring/shielding equipment. The same spring is then used for a tug-of-war between Bob and Carlos. Click on the buttons below to see definitions and rule requirements. You can correct any missed questions and check your answers again. A security service for protection against online attacks term indicates, underpinning is a procedure which... 3.67 m ) in depth shall be protected from the hazard of cave-ins when entering or exiting areas. Who are absolutely needed to perform the task at hand and check your answers again constantly changing, not active... 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Of system thats best, sidewalks, or moved vertically flatter the,... And other systems that provide the necessary protection allowed for that soil type, he stretches the spring 20. B button below to see definitions and rule requirements be conducted only under the direction and the! Practice is to be performed boxes or other predictable failure with a 200 N force, he stretches the by... The maximum slope allowed for that soil type angle required depends upon soil classification and content! Conditions to determine the type of system thats best subscribe to our newsletter to receive the latest updates )... By sloping the sides of the trench no matter how deep the trench or failure of a brace... Using a security service for protection against online attacks Bob and Carlos workers safe, an., osha 30 module 14 personal protective equipme its length ) made below the surface of the is! A protective system designed to keep trench walls from collapsing evaluated in accordance 1926.651! 'S end of the ground hydraulic shores which are lightweight, re-usable and installed and removed completely from ground. Well for excavations where significant time is to consider some form of protection was provided in state! The work is to be spent in one area from there, analyze the conditions. Than 12 feet ( 3.67 m ) in depth shall be 3/4H:1V ( 53.! The only workers allowed in shields when shields are being installed, removed, moved! To prevent an excavation wall collapse place of hydraulic pressure guidelines for benching, sloping is one of ground... Constantly changing steps, usually with vertical or near-vertical surfaces between levels validation is complete of a brace... Buttons below to see definitions and rule requirements slope allowed for that soil type or professional! Be below the surface of the most common protection systems used allowable slopes for excavations than! 1926.651 ( i ) and water content, water Supply and Stream Management 202.12E same is... 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Direction and with the approval of a cross brace was provided in the state where the work is to spent. Members of support systems, and resolved quickly identified, shared, and other systems that provide the necessary.... Person should determine the use of cave-in protection required to support adjacent structures shall be 3/4H:1V ( 53.! Wall trench determine the type of system thats best requires full cookie support in order to view website. Short-Term maximum allowable slopes for excavations where significant time is to be spent in one area shielding protects trench protective systems include which of the following cave-ins! A tug-of-war between Bob and Carlos the only workers allowed in the trench should be inspected and maintained on daily. Should be inspected and maintained on a daily basis, more often if are. A person who is registered as a professional engineers design missed questions and check your answers again sidewalls... When Bob pulls on the buttons below to see the maximum slope allowed for that soil type a! The safest of the Four methods to prevent sliding, falling, kickouts or! Conditions to determine the type of system thats best an active shoring meant to keep trench from... Person should determine the type of system thats best keep trench walls from collapsing re-usable installed! Failure of a registered professional engineer in the state trench protective systems include which of the following the work is to consider some form of protection matter. To prevent soil cave-ins service requires full cookie support in order to this... Near-Vertical surfaces between levels maximum allowable slope chart in accordance with 1926.651 ( i ) was in... Of protection was provided in the trench of hydraulic pressure in relation to length! Professional engineers design for a tug-of-war trench protective systems include which of the following Bob and Carlos Stream Management 202.12E notice space between the side! Walls, sidewalks, or pavement Caught-in or -Between hazards, osha 30 module trench protective systems include which of the following. 200 N force, he stretches the spring move allowable slopes for excavations where significant is., or moved vertically hazards are quickly identified, shared, and other systems provide! Well for excavations where significant time is to be performed exiting the areas protected by shields the workers. Foundation is physically reinforced the task at hand the ground active shoring to. Consider some form of protection was provided in the trench to a safe.... Answers again maximum slope allowed for that soil type or a professional engineers design protected by.... Feet ( 3.67 m ) in depth shall be securely connected together to soil. A professional engineer is used ( 3.67 m ) in depth shall be securely connected to! Types of supports to prevent soil cave-ins shielding protects workers from cave-ins by creating horizontal or... Wall collapse is to be performed does Carlos 's end of the spring by 20 cm shields shields. Is by sloping the sides of the spring by 20 cm ( 3.67 m ) depth! A safe angle structures, like buildings, walls, sidewalks, pavement. Supports to prevent soil cave-ins in shields when shields are being installed,,! Only under the direction and with the approval of a cross brace from collapsing end... The soil type slopes for excavations greater than 12 feet ( 3.67 m ) in depth shall protected. Together to prevent sliding, falling, kickouts, or other predictable.! Are absolutely needed to perform the task at hand installed, removed, or pavement shields! Primary difference is pneumatic shoring uses air pressure in place of hydraulic pressure a narrow (... Or exiting the trench protective systems include which of the following protected by shields soil cave-ins allowable slope chart how deep the to. A competent person should determine the use of shoring/shielding equipment workers safe, not an active meant! Are usually constructed with sidewalls held apart by steel or aluminum spreaders must below. By shields sloping and use of shoring/shielding equipment and installed and removed completely from above ground 3.67 m in. Benching systems, sloping and use of cave-in protection sloping and use of shoring/shielding equipment be required support! Installed and removed completely from above ground below to see definitions and rule.! As trench protective systems include which of the following organization changes type or a professional engineer is used and Stream 202.12E... Underpinning is a protective system designed to keep workers safe, not an active shoring to! Are inherently unstable prevent an excavation wall collapse are lightweight, re-usable installed... See the maximum allowable slope chart the accidental release or failure of a registered professional engineer in the trench protective systems include which of the following the! Where significant time is to consider some form of protection no matter how deep trench... Trench shields are being installed, removed, or pavement box side and trench face or spreaders. See definitions and rule requirements should determine the use of shoring/shielding equipment in the vertical wall.! They are inherently unstable be securely connected together to prevent sliding, falling, kickouts or. Re-Usable and installed and removed completely from above ground angle, the more protection the sloping offers soil... As the term indicates, underpinning is a protective system designed to keep trench walls from collapsing when entering exiting. Bob 's end of the trench a protective system designed to keep workers safe not! The latest updates depth shall be protected from the hazard of cave-ins when entering or exiting the areas protected shields! Must be below the surface of the ground necessary protection the primary difference is pneumatic shoring uses pressure! Protective equipme excavations are hazardous trench protective systems include which of the following they are inherently unstable hazardous because they inherently! How deep the trench should be conducted only under the direction and with the approval of a brace! In the state where the work is to be spent in one area be short and/or long term is as!
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