(a) Governmental and correctional authorities should facilitate programs that allow crime victims to speak to groups of prisoners, and, at the request of a crime victim and with the consent of the prisoner, appropriate meetings or mediation between prisoners and their victims. This agency, which should be permitted to be the same entity responsible for investigations conducted pursuant to Standard 23-11.2(b), should anticipate and detect systemic problems affecting prisoners, monitor issues of continuing concern, identify best practices within facilities, and make recommendations for improvement. (b) Correctional administrators and officials should foster an institutional culture that helps maintain a safe and secure facility, is conducive to humane and respectful treatment of prisoners, supports adherence to professional standards, and encourages ethical conduct. Cut-down tools should be readily available to security personnel, who should be trained in first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, cut-down techniques, and emergency notification procedures. A decision to retain a prisoner in segregated housing following consideration by the classification review committee should be reviewed by a correctional administrator, and approved, rejected, or modified as appropriate. (a) Force means offensive or defensive physical contact with a prisoner, including blows, pushes, or defensive holds, whether or not involving batons or other instruments or weapons; discharge of chemical agents; discharge of electronic weaponry; and application of restraints such as handcuffs, chains, irons, strait-jackets, or restraint chairs. These Standards supplant the previous ABA Criminal Justice Standards on the Legal Status of Prisoners and, in addition, new Standard 23-6.15 supplants Standards 7-10.2 and 7-10.5 through 7-10.9 of the ABA Criminal Justice Mental Health Standards. Any such search should be conducted by a trained health care professional who does not have a provider-patient relationship with the prisoner, and should be conducted in a private area devoted to the provision of medical care and out of the sight of others, except that a prisoner should be permitted to request that more than one staff member be present. (d) Correctional authorities should respect the human rights and dignity of prisoners. (a) A pregnant prisoner should receive necessary prenatal and postpartum care and treatment, including an adequate diet, clothing, appropriate accommodations relating to bed assignment and housing area temperature, and childbirth and infant care education. Health care personnel should document any injuries sustained. (e) Correctional officials and administrators should annually review and update facility and agency rules and regulations to ensure that they comport with current legal standards. (a) A correctional agency should establish an independent internal audit unit to conduct regular performance auditing and to advise correctional administrators on compliance with established performance indicators, standards, policies, and other internal controls. (b) To the extent practicable, a prisoner who does not have a disability but does have special needs that affect the prisoners ability to participate in a prison program, service, or activity should receive programs, services, and activities comparable to those available to other prisoners. (c) In no case should correctional authorities use force against a prisoner: (i) to enforce an institutional rule or an order unless the disciplinary process is inadequate to address an immediate security need; (ii) to gratuitously inflict pain or suffering, punish past or present conduct, deter future conduct, intimidate, or gain information; or. Each jurisdiction should develop a comprehensive plan, in advance of entering into any contract, to ensure that this ability remains. The term includes the chief executive officers emergency designee, if, for example, the chief executive officer is away or ill and has turned over command authority for a period of time. If a prisoner refuses care in such a situation, health care staff should take steps to involve other trusted individuals, such as clergy or the prisoners family members, to communicate to the prisoner the importance of the decision. (d) Other than as allowed by subdivision (e) of this Standard, correctional authorities should not use restraints in a prisoners cell except immediately preceding an out-of-cell movement or for medical or mental health purposes as authorized by a qualified medical or mental health professional. Any prisoner in segregated housing who develops serious mental illness should be placed in an environment where appropriate treatment can occur. Correctional officials should annually review and update the handbooks provided to prisoners to ensure that they comport with current legal standards, facility and agency rules, and practice. If a prisoner has met the terms of the individual plan, there should be a presumption in favor of releasing the prisoner from segregated housing. (b) A correctional agency should designate an internal unit, answerable to the head of the agency, to be responsible for investigating allegations of serious staff misconduct, including misconduct against prisoners, and for referring appropriate cases for administrative disciplinary measures or criminal prosecution. (b) Only the most severe disciplinary offenses, in which safety or security are seriously threatened, ordinarily warrant a sanction that exceeds [30 days] placement in disciplinary housing, and no placement in disciplinary housing should exceed one year. (ii) Research studies should not be the sole avenue for prisoners to receive standard treatment for any medical or mental health condition. (b) Correctional officials should provide prisoners opportunities to make suggestions to improve correctional programs and conditions. If the assessment indicates the presence of a serious mental illness, or a history of serious mental illness and decompensation in segregated settings, the prisoner should be placed in an environment where appropriate treatment can occur. (c) A correctional facility should maintain order and should protect prisoners from harm from other prisoners and staff. (f) A prisoner should be permitted to waive the right to a hearing if the prisoner so chooses after being informed of the disciplinary offense of which he or she is accused and the potential penalties and other consequences; such a waiver should be made in person to a designated correctional official who should accept it only if the prisoner understands the consequences. (a) Involuntary mental health treatment of a prisoner should be permitted only if the prisoner is suffering from a serious mental illness, non-treatment poses a significant risk of serious harm to the prisoner or others, and no less intrusive alternative is reasonably available. (d) When practicable, before using either chemical agents or electronic weaponry against a prisoner, staff should determine whether the prisoner has any contraindicating medical conditions, including mental illness and intoxication, and make a contemporaneous record of this determination. (iv) review all records, except that special procedures may be implemented for highly confidential information. (b) implement effective policies and procedures for: (i) investigation and resolution of complaints and problems; (ii) fair and rational decision-making; and. Prisoners whose health or institutional adjustment would otherwise be adversely affected should be provided with medical prosthetic devices or other impairment-related aids, such as eyeglasses, hearing aids, or wheelchairs, except when there has been an individualized finding that such an aid would be inconsistent with security or safety. (m) The term effective notice means notice in a language understood by the prisoner who receives the notice; if that prisoner is unable to read, effective notice requires correctional staff to read and explain the relevant information, using an interpreter if necessary. Correctional officials should allow a prisoner not receiving home furloughs to have extended visits with the prisoners family in suitable settings, absent an individualized determination that such an extended visit would pose a threat to safety or security. The evaluation process should include mechanisms by which prisoners can provide both positive and negative comments about their care. A facility that confines female prisoners should have on duty at all times adequate numbers of female staff to comply with Standard 23-7.10. (iii) after the risk that justified the use of force has passed. (c) No disciplinary sanction should ever be administered by other prisoners, even under the direction of correctional authorities. (b) Correctional officials should implement procedures for identifying those prisoners who are particularly vulnerable to physical or sexual abuse, manipulation, or psychologically harmful verbal abuse by other prisoners or by staff, and for protecting these and other prisoners who request and need protection. (b) Consistent with security needs, correctional officials should provide opportunities for prisoners to contribute to the community through volunteer activities. (d) A correctional agency should implement reasonable policies and procedures governing staff use of force against prisoners; these policies should establish a range of force options and explicitly prohibit the use of premature, unnecessary, or excessive force. (a) Correctional authorities should provide each prisoner an adequate amount of nutritious, healthful, and palatable food, including at least one hot meal daily. (a) Correctional administrators should develop and implement policies governing use of chemical agents and electronic weaponry. (i) Correctional agency policies should strive to ensure full staff accountability for all uses of force. In addition to implementing the mental health screening required in Standard 23-2.1 and mental health assessment required in Standard 23-2.5, this protocol should require that the signs and symptoms of mental illness or other cognitive impairments be documented and that a prisoner with such signs and symptoms be promptly referred to a qualified mental health professional for evaluation and treatment. Correctional authorities should allow prisoners a reasonable choice in the selection of their own hair styles and personal grooming, subject to the need to identify prisoners and to maintain security and appropriate hygienic standards. (c) Governmental authorities should facilitate access to abortion services for a prisoner who decides to exercise her right to an abortion, as that right is defined by state and federal law, through prompt scheduling of the procedure upon request and through the provision of transportation to a facility providing such services. This Standards can also be purchased in a book format. Work assignments, housing placements, and diets for each prisoner should be consistent with any health care treatment plan developed for that prisoner. (a) A correctional agency should ensure each prisoners continuity of care, including with respect to medication, upon entry into the correctional system, during confinement and transportation, during and after transfer between facilities, and upon release. (g) Any jurisdiction that enters into a contract with a private corporation or entity for the operation of a correctional facility should implement procedures to monitor compliance with that contract systematically, regularly, and using a variety of on- and off-site monitoring techniques, including reviewing files and records, physically inspecting the facility, and interviewing staff and prisoners. If a publication or piece of correspondence contains material in violation of the facilitys written guidelines, correctional authorities should make reasonable efforts to deny only those segregable portions of the publication or correspondence that present concerns. (b) A lockdown of more than one day should be imposed only to restore order; to address an imminent threat of violence, disorder, or serious contagion; or to conduct a comprehensive search of the facility. (b) Correctional authorities should screen each prisoner as soon as possible upon the prisoners admission to a correctional facility to identify issues requiring immediate assessment or attention, such as illness, communicable diseases, mental health problems, drug or alcohol intoxication or withdrawal, ongoing medical treatment, risk of suicide, or special education eligibility. (g) Government legal services should be available to prisoners to the same extent they are available to non-prisoners. (b) Upon a prisoners entry to a correctional facility, correctional authorities should provide the prisoner a personal copy of the rules for prisoner conduct and an informational handbook written in plain language. (ix) opportunity for the prisoner to appeal within [5 days] to the chief executive officer of the facility or higher administrative authority, who should issue a written decision within [10 days] either affirming or reversing the determination of misconduct and approving or modifying the punishment imposed. Such prisoners should not be housed with prisoners who have been identified as potential aggressors. Sanctions should be reasonable in light of the offense and the prisoners circumstances, including disciplinary history and any mental illness or other cognitive impairment. the combination of factors that federal courts examine to see if conditions or events constitute cruel and unusual punishment are referred to as: Iowa female inmates argued that their equal protection right under the 14th amendment were violated because programs and services were not at the same level as those provided male inmates. (c) When appropriate, health care complaints should be evaluated and treated by specialists. Restrictions placed on prisoners should be necessary and proportionate to the legitimate objectives for which those restrictions are imposed. Absent an individualized finding that security would be compromised, such treatment should take place out of cell, in a setting in which security staff cannot overhear the conversation. This work (Criminal Justice Standards) may be used for non-profit educational and training purposes and legal reform (legislative, judicial, and executive) without written permission but with a citation to this source. (a) A correctional facility should be safe and orderly and should be run in a fair and lawful manner. B. (h) Except in an emergency, such as a natural disaster, no prisoner of a state or local correctional agency should be sent out of state to a private facility pursuant to a contract unless there has been an individualized determination that security of the system or the prisoner requires it, or that the prisoner and the prisoners individualized programming plan and individualized re-entry plan will not be significantly adversely affected by the move. (c) To effectuate rehabilitative goals, correctional staff members should have rehabilitative responsibilities in addition to custodial functions. (v) forbid the use of electronic weaponry in drive-stun or direct contact mode. (d) When a prisoner dies, correctional officials should promptly notify the jurisdictions medical examiner of the death and its circumstances; the medical examiner should decide whether an autopsy should be conducted. (e) Governmental and correctional authorities should strive to meet the legitimate needs of prisoner mothers and their infants, including a prisoners desire to breastfeed her child. (b) Correctional authorities should not place a prisoner in long-term segregated housing based on the security risk the prisoner poses to others unless less restrictive alternatives are unsuitable in light of a continuing and serious threat to the security of the facility, staff, other prisoners, or the public as a result of the prisoners: (i) history of serious violent behavior in correctional facilities; (ii) acts such as escapes or attempted escapes from secure correctional settings; (iii) acts or threats of violence likely to destabilize the institutional environment to such a degree that the order and security of the facility is threatened; (iv) membership in a security threat group accompanied by a finding based on specific and reliable information that the prisoner either has engaged in dangerous or threatening behavior directed by the group or directs the dangerous or threatening behavior of others; or. 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