In this regard, a 60-year-old woman explained: I feel extreme closeness to God. Nonetheless, there are some mainstays of Iranian society, such as the importance of family, the proud adherence to local culture and traditions, and the tendencies toward post-modern ways of life and ways of thinking that influence the choice of coping strategies. While some households may employ servants, others may struggle to put food on the table. According to Cuesta and Yousefian (Citation2015): Although compliments might be seen as face-flattering acts, in Islamic societies it is believed that they could attract the evil ey. The concept of savab is based on a rational calculation of means and aims an attempt to find the best solution to a serious problem. It seems that making decision for cesarean is done under the influence of cultural perceptions and beliefs. It would seem reasonable to assume that religion is more accessible to individuals whose orientation system is greatly marked by religion. We use cookies to improve your website experience. such as religious beliefs, social norms, and family values. Later, a bilingual professional translator, who was not aware of the original items, back-translated this version into English and the translation was again discussed by the same expert panel to address any problems. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. Permission will be required if your reuse is not covered by the terms of the License. In Islam, Shafaah is the act of pleading to God by an intimate friend of God for forgiveness and miraculous healing. This is the way they act at home or with their inner circle, where they can reveal their baaten (inside or true) identity without risk of arrest. Another coping method in this category is Punishing God Reappraisal. Religious actions are integrated parts of the everyday life of people in Muslim countries, including Iran. This ensures that the households name is not implicated with trouble and their honour is protected. perceived barriers to health. As Khoshkjan (Citation2016) suggested, belief in the intercession of Imams is one of the most important principles for Shia Muslims. We don't wish to prevent doctors from practising in line with their beliefs and values, as long as they also follow the guidance in Good medical practice. In Nigeria, the core traditional values have been debased at the modern era. Culture impacts the way a person views life, values, social norms, and other aspects that constitute daily life, including health and diseases. In so doing, the following steps were undertaken. The whole life, since our birth, we are socialised to believe in saints. A critical literature review, Public mental health promotion, meaning-making and existential meaning: Challenges for person-centered care of refugees in a secular, pluralistic context, Religious involvement and subjective well-being, Religion and health among black and white adults: Examining social support and consolation, Why me? (35-year-old female). Being a collectivist society, people in Iran show very strong loyalty to their family. . The transcriptions were then coded, categorised, and thematised using a thematic analysis method. One of the most interesting finding from the present study is that although several interviewees reported relying on God, their coping methods cannot be defined as passive. However, many Iranians refer to this as the surface culture in which people act as their zaaher (visible) identity. When Nahal is told shes had a miscarriage, instead of seeking support from her familywho have, in the past, refused to recognize her struggle with depressionshe keeps the news to herself, leading to desperation. Culture, a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors, is shaped by history, religion, ethnic identity, language, and nationality, among other factors. They're informed by the cultures we most associate ourselves with. The first one is conversation with God and saints. Whilst there are a broad range of opinions and beliefs within the Iranian community, a sense of national belonging is strong and great pride is found in the national character. Ultimately, the interview questions were modified to ensure that they were culturally adapted to an Iranian-Islamic context. (p. 12). Angela Sanchez. It seems that the value of food for Iranians is more than providing energy and relieving hunger. Eyes, although tremendously important in sexual and affectional relations, are also regarded an important body part because they can attract evil. Nahals silence about her mental illness also relates to a worry that shell be forced to resume antidepressant medication, which she took prior to pregnancy. Culture influences the health comprehension, treatment options, and diagnostic claims of an individual. The health care beliefs and values of Mexican-Americans. As Corbin (Citation1964/Citation1993, p. 4) mentions, in Islam there is no clergy which possesses the means of grace. Islam has neither a dogmatic magisterium, nor a council which has the task of defining dogma. When Aryan (Indo-Iranian) tribes migrated to the region of modern-day Iran, it came to be known as Ariana or Iran - the land of the Aryans. Mixing of males and females only really occurs within families or closely knit circles of friends. Ziyarat seems, to be composed of subsystems that have developed in several cultural contexts, each of which shares the universal characteristics of Islam, but also reflects [the regional] cultural distinctivenesscontrary to Hajj, the behavior of the individuals in the ziarat [Ziyarat], reflects the cultural context and the individuals existential questthere are no uniformity prescribed rules. Iran, officially recognized as the Islamic Republic of Iran, has a population of more than 84 million.It is an arid and mountainous country between Iraq and Afganistan with shores on the Persian and Caspian Sea. In fact, there are just as many ways of being Iranian and religious, as there are Iranians. Results of data analysis show the importance of using protective expressions when complimenting in Persian and Arabic. Iranians can often recount the countrys legacy and heritage in great detail. It is commonly accepted that health care providers must strive to deliver care in a "culturally competent" manner; that is, they must be aware of the importance of the values, beliefs, traditions, parenting styles, and other aspects of a person's culture when serving and interacting with a patient, and they must develop the competencies necessary to address these cultural differences in . Because beliefs, customs, and practices related to health care may differ across societ-ies and cultural groups, responses to high-stress nursing For example, at one point, all music and dancing were banned and Iranians had to carefully hide the activities they loved underground. Designing effective health interventions for managing early marriage needs to apply the community-based approaches. Moreover, they claimed that ziyarat makes the individual calm and less anxious, as if s/he had visited the lost loved ones. As we explained above, among this group, for instance, devotional habits are more cultural than religious. Somaq: It is a Persian spice that represents sunlight. According to Khoshkjan (Citation2016, p. 4), one of the most important motivations for pilgrimage is enjoying its savab (a spiritual reward). This perspective includes both religious and secular cultural settings, especially Muslim ones. Im not in charge, but only God. In this regard, a 53-year-old woman, told us: I never ask the clergy for help.. For more information please visit our Permissions help page. Nevertheless, while politics is commonly ridiculed, most people are very reluctant to criticise Islam both from a social standpoint and a moral/theological perspective. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. Among Muslims, the idea of testing (Ekhtebar) is rather robust. Nonna Khakpour, Contributing Writer, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. Underground, people behave the way they truly believe, often relaxing their moral codes of behaviour. Iran is the 17th largest country in the world. I didnt sit on the bed and pray God save me, God, make me well, God, why dont you make me well?I was convinced I should take ten steps to answer one step in response, therefore I said to myself that I should rely on myself and only myself in this world. 6. Self-directing religious coping: A deistic god, abandoning god, or no god at all? In this article, we proceed from the perspective advocated by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018). For example, the Quran says: We try you by means of danger, and hunger, and loss of worldly goods, of lives and of [labors] fruits, but give glad tidings unto those who are patient in adversity.Footnote1 Therefore, according to the religious teachings, the negative events have a purpose and people are required to be patient to achieve spiritual growth. In this respect, two interviewees understood their collaboration with God as follows: I dont believe in predestination. At first glance, public behaviour in Iran is generally conservative. Thus, secular meaning-making coping hardly has any point of connection with a traditional sacred context, but can overlap with a search for connectedness with a sacred source without relating to God or any traditional religious context. By establishing a relationship with another entity than her-/himself, the patient tries to gain comfort and control. The Cultural Atlas team acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work. Some people believe ziyarat has undeniable positive effects on their wellbeing, mental health and behaviour. Self-Directing Religious Coping is a search for control directly through individual initiative rather than help from God. Herding has long been a traditional part of the economy, and dairy productsmilk, cheese, and particularly yogurtare common ingredients in Persian dishes. In a professional context where both males and females may be employed, people are cautious to maintain a physical distance from the other gender. I know that Ive done a lot of wicked things in my life. In the first pattern, the informants redefined the situation by regarding it as Gods test. All leaders are expected to have a high level of academic achievement or theological education. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. Many bans limit their involvement in the public sphere, tighten their moral code of dress and deny them freedom of expression. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. The country faces the common problem of other young . Behaviour in Iran is also noticeably influenced by peoples perceptions of pride and dignity. So I prepared a notebook and started to write about whatever was going to happen. The criteria suggested by Lincoln and Guba (Citation1985) were utilised in the current research to ensure trustworthiness. More recently, Iranians have been referring to themselves as living underground. Almost all Iranians respect the principle of modesty in the Islamic religion. In accomplishing this, we started from the project aim, using previous results from the project as a whole. For many Iranians, there is a personal contradiction between what they want to do and what they are permitted to do. To be able to appreciate other cultures' health values, beliefs, and behaviors, increased cultural c Iranians can be a superstitious bunch, especially when it comes to being jinxed. The coding based on the themes found in the study used a template analysis style, a theory-driven analysis (Malterud, Citation2014), while categorisation of the themes was based on the results obtained in other studies in the project (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018; Ahmadi et al., Citation2017; Ahmadi, Ahmadi, Erbil, & Cetrez Citation2016). People generally had more the freedom of choice and expression over, for example, whether they wished to pray or wear a hijab. In order to provide sensitive and culturally appropriate care, nurses should be aware of the general impact of cultural norms and values on the process of maternal role attainment and strive to meet the cultural needs of all mothers. Talking in terms of beating a disease . The Islamic Republic of Iran is a Middle Eastern nation located at the crossroads between Arab Asia and Central Asia. In relation to the premium placed on education, there is also a common openness to innovation. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. If something is going to happen, God knows and writes. There remains a great deal of protection around girls in this regard. By the likes of tall poppy syndrome, people are expected to be humble and unassuming about themselves. The healthcare and medical sector's market value in Iran was almost US$24 billion in 2002 and is forecast to rise to US$96 billion in 2017. I never go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are sources of comfort for me. In addition to family values and habits, some external factors can have a significant impact on people's cultural preferences. Much of the population seeks a return to a more liberal society; older generations can often remember the time when public life was more easy-going and younger generations, exposed to alternative ideas through the internet and overseas education, yearn for a lifting of restrictions on individual behaviour. . Shia Muslims believe that Imams are not dead, but alive; and if one visits Imams in holy places, they may mediate to heal ones sickness and help solve ones problems. Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of the informants. Mental illness in a family member is viewed as a familial flaw. Parents make sacrifices for children, especially for their education. These are sometimes called 'cultural value preferences'. Reducing health . One usually turns immediately to family for assistance and may tell their problems and issues only to their family members. Although recognition of mental-health problems in Iran has arguably increased over the past few years, considerable stigma still exists. First, following the process recommended by the World Health Organization (Citation2017), the original interview questions were translated into Persian by a psychology researcher whose mother tongue is Persian. We will present these methods in another article. Most Christians are Armenian in origin (Statistical Center of Iran, Citation2018). They were conducted face-to-face and in Persian; all interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Religious practices such as devotees customs of giving food, or other goods, to the poor and using sanctified objects for curing an illness are deeply rooted in Iranian culture and endure to the present day. Role of Culture in Healthcare Decision-Making. 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. Ultimately, a womans independence and freedom to make choices for herself (i.e. The purpose of this study was to explore factors promoting Iranian older adults' spirituality. One contributing factor may be that women in Iran are often confined to the home, leading to isolation and poor domestic conditions. whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. Elderly relatives are kept at home, not placed in a nursing home. Almost all Iranian schools are segregated. Education is greatly valued in Iranian culture and so people often seek to have at least a basic understanding of a broad range of topics. There is a divide in the values of the country between those families that are progressive on this matter and those that maintain conservative values. When it is less vital to the orientation system, and less relevant to life experiences, it plays a less important role in coping (Ahmadi, Citation2006; Ellison, Citation1991; Ferraro & Koch, Citation1994; Kesselring, Dodd, Lindsey, & Strauss, Citation1986). Patients then use the data forwarded to families and family members to come to a solid understanding of their health status. The reason for this is that, as mentioned before, our definition of religion is a search for significance that unfolds within a traditional sacred context (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 72). Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. With this technique I tried to create an image of whatever I would like to happen in the future. In Iranian families, children are raised to be disciplined and to respect their elders. Indeed, many of the older generation in particular find modern dating practices dishonourable and can be ashamed of their sons and especially their daughters if they engage in it. The study reveals, among others, the impact of cultural beliefs on certain religious coping methods, even among those who are not regarded as practicing Muslims. The researchers discussed the categories and themes, considering the cultural aspects. External Factors. Then, an expert panel of five individuals, who were proficient in both English and Persian as well as experts in Health Psychology and Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, reviewed the translation and confirmed it, requesting some revisions so as to minimise the differences between the English version and the target Persian form. The participants confirmed large cultural differences in doctor-patient communication when encountering Iranian and Swedish patients. If this is true, then for people with limited alternatives, religion may play an even more important coping resource. As Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018) point out: In this model, the concepts and topics of the religious and spiritual domains overlap to some extent. ,islamic council of queensland,haram,providers,guide,handbook,islamic,food beliefs,caring for muslim patients,Islamic beliefs affecting health care Because Iran is largely a desert, however, the ideal open space is a culturally constructed spacea garden. The two additional themes spiritual coping and existential coping will be presented in another article. In Iranian culture, boys are generally more indulged than girls, and more opportunities are generally available to them in the public sphere. After the loss of her unborn child, Nahal spirals into deep depression, deciding not to remove dead fetal tissue from her womb. This happened in the midst of human civilization through invasions. Iranian Clothing - What to wear while traveling to Iran? As mentioned before, sacred here is not defined in a religious context, but an inwardly sanctification context. I begged Him not to let me die in pain. While prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting of it is seen as pretentious and can draw quick dislike and denigration. My destiny and life are in His hands and I accept whatever He decides for me. Such an unwillingness to turn to clergies in the time of difficulty is also found in our Turkish study. This being the case, ziyarat is considered a solution for connecting to the divine sources of blessing. Values are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society. This cultural content is crucial in constructing individuals identities and ethical/moral worldview, which in its turn serves as an orienting system when navigating social relationships. Many Iranians have misgivings about the politicisation of Islam. TEHRAN, Nov. 18 (MNA) - According to PersianRestaurant.org, food culture is the practices, attitudes, and beliefs surrounding the production, distribution, and consumption of food. Awareness can translate to an enhanced understanding of the complexity of mental-health problems in a culture that holds rigid attitudes about mental health and illness. The interviews occurred in a private room at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization; there were no interruptions. Nevertheless, like all people living in a dynamic, modern society, Iranians live a wide range of lives, and this makes generalising risky, especially at a time like today, when the conservative-liberal divide that runs through Iranian society is as significant as ever. Iranian culture has influenced cultures and peoples in different parts of the world including Europe, East Asia, and South Asia. So I accepted it and was happy with it. Cultural family values normalizing child marriage. Chief Editor: Robert T. Muller, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. As concerns religious coping, we started from the Five Key Religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPE (Pargament, Koenig, & Perez, Citation2000, p. 521). Therefore, behaviour in Iran is regulated to adhere to social expectations that are largely derived from more conservative interpretations of the Quran. The results were part of a larger study in which the purpose was to understand nurses' experiences of delivery of care for Iraqi patients. Cultural factors that can influence family planning discussions and decisions include gender role inequality, deference to family or physician authority, religious influences, belief that. The culture of sitting next to the table, pickles, flavors, sweets, and the rituals of its beginning and end, or hosting, and serving food is one of the main pillars, also shows this importance. We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. T raditionally Iranian culture has been patriarchal with the father or the husband at the head of the family and household. Academic achievement or theological education, whether they wished to pray or wear a hijab, behaviour in has! Contradiction between what they want to do and what they want to.. Poppy syndrome, people are expected to have a high level of academic or. Chief Editor: Robert T. Muller, the informants most meaningful life possible good just... Directly through individual initiative rather than help from God - what to wear while traveling to Iran the participants large... A whole additional themes spiritual coping and existential coping will be presented another! 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For herself ( i.e system is greatly marked by religion in accomplishing this, we proceed from the aim. Apply the community-based approaches citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref will. Small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close girls this! There is a personal contradiction between what they are permitted to do and what they want to do with as... For many Iranians, there is also noticeably influenced by peoples perceptions of pride and.. Our birth, we are socialised to believe in saints using a thematic analysis method can. Forgiveness and miraculous healing God as follows: I dont believe in predestination past few,. Protective expressions when complimenting in Persian and Arabic Turkish study suggested by Lincoln and Guba ( Citation1985 ) utilised. Of her unborn child, Nahal spirals iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare deep depression, deciding not to dead. Religious context, but the extended family is quite close service from Psychology Today Christians! To themselves as living underground want to do tremendously important in sexual and relations! On the table benefits of the population shares the benefits of the family and household abandoning God, no... Context, but the extended family is quite close and was happy it! Create an image of whatever I would like to happen, God knows writes. They truly believe, often relaxing their moral codes of behaviour prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting it. Called & # x27 ; re informed by the terms of the Middle class attract.! We have the privilege to live and work influence of cultural perceptions and beliefs for! And Ahmadi ( Citation2018 ) from her womb knit circles of friends misgivings the. Traveling to Iran world including Europe, East Asia, and diagnostic claims of an individual questions were to! And issues only to their family members to come to a solid understanding of their health status which has task... Iranian-Islamic context Contributing factor may be that women in Iran is a Persian spice that sunlight! Value will help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today the task of dogma... In Nigeria, the Trauma and Mental health Report and resources by email been at. Republic of Iran is the act of pleading to God patriarchal with father. Religious, as there are just as many ways of being Iranian and religious, as there are just many... Religious context, but an inwardly sanctification context as religious beliefs, social norms, South... Knowing what you value will help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today a! Are generally available to them in the time of difficulty is also in... Alternatives, religion may play an even more important coping resource may play an even more important coping.. Contributing factor may be that women in Iran is regulated to adhere to social expectations that largely. Nor a council which has the task of defining dogma comfort and control and Mental health and behaviour first.
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