However, British casualties were high; nearly one quarter of the force was killed or wounded, and Clinton declared that he could ill afford any more such victories. [139] However, not all depictions of Arnold were so negative. Despite his popularity and battlefield prowess, Benedict Arnold eventually broke bad. [130] In Arnold's home town of Norwich, Connecticut, someone scrawled "the traitor" next to his record of birth at city hall, and all of his family's gravestones have been destroyed except his mother's.[131]. His ventures met with mixed success. [25] On the night of January 28, 1767, he and members of his crew roughed up a man suspected of attempting to inform authorities of Arnold's smuggling. He performed operations that provided the Americans with relief during the Siege of Fort Stanwix, and key actions during the pivotal 1777 Battles of Saratoga, in which he sustained leg injuries that put him out of combat career for several years. Phillips led further raids across Virginia, including a defeat of Baron von Steuben at Petersburg, but he died of fever on May 12, 1781. He was again severely wounded in the left leg late in the fighting. Arnold repeatedly claimed that he was being passed over for promotion by the Continental Congress, and that other officers were being given credit for some of his accomplishments. [8] His siblings were, in order of birth: Benedict (17381739), Hannah (17421803), Mary (17451753), Absolom (17471750), and Elizabeth (17491755). Arnold lost most of his siblings to yellow fever, calamitous events that triggered alcoholism in his father. Although he was unsuccessful, his attempt to betray George Washington and his American forces . It was General Arnold. These charges were then referred to Congress, and Arnold asked for an immediate court-martial to clear himself. Understand why Benedict Arnold spied for the British during the American Revolutionary War. He also faced financial ruin, falling 16,000[b] in debt with creditors spreading rumors of his insolvency, to the point where he took legal action against them. In 1776, he deployed defensive and delay tactics at the Battle of Valcour Island in Lake Champlain that gave American forces time to prepare New York's defenses. To raise money, he violated several state and military regulations, arousing the suspicions and, finally, the denunciations of Pennsylvanias supreme executive council. Benedict Arnold High School Gallery Official Name Benedict Arnold High School Location Details Universe Earth-Twelve Country United States of America First Appearance Adventures of Bob Hope #95 ( November, 1965) Contents 1 History 2 Residents 2.1 Students and Alumni 2.2 Faculty 3 Notes 4 See Also History This article is a stub. On August 13, Schuyler dispatched him with a force of 900 to relieve the siege of Fort Stanwix, where he succeeded in a ruse to lift the siege. "Arnold, Benedict (17411801)". [23] The Stamp Act prompted Arnold to join the chorus of voices in opposition, and also led to his joining the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization which advocated resistance to those and other restrictive Parliamentary measures. Peggy came from a loyalist family in Philadelphia; she had many ties to the British. Answer (1 of 2): In the United States, Benedict Arnold has the dubious distinction of being one of the primary figures responsible for the Revolutionary War's losing cause. Angry and frustrated, Arnold resigned his military command of Philadelphia in late April. Clinton was uninterested in most of his aggressive ideas, but finally authorized him to raid the port of New London, Connecticut. Benedict Arnold began the Revolutionary War as a militia captain. At a prearranged rendezvous point on the shoreline his contact arrived just after midnight. He marched with 700 men by way of the Maine wilderness, a remarkable feat of woodsmanship and endurance, and, reinforced by Gen. Richard Montgomery, attacked the well-fortified city. Things to remember while reading excerpts from Americans' reactions to Benedict Arnold's treason: Before his betrayal (discovered in 1780), Benedict Arnold was a major American hero. The fourth niche is pointedly empty. [60] Some of this communication was effected through the services of Joseph Stansbury, a Philadelphia merchant.[61]. [3] Arnold was buried at St. Mary's Church in Battersea, England. However, his betrayal overshadowed his accomplishments in the wars he fought and won. After his leg healed, Benedict Arnold was named Military Governor of Philadelphia. betrayal. His first name was actually Enoch. Washington Irving used it as part of an argument against dismemberment of the union in his 1857 Life of George Washington, pointing out that the unity of New England and the southern states which led to independence was made possible in part by holding West Point. [1][7] Arnold was the fourth surviving member of his family named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold I, an early governor of the Colony of Rhode Island; his grandfather (Benedict Arnold II) and father, as well as an older brother who died in infancy, were also named for the colonial governor. [67], Early in May 1779, Arnold met with Philadelphia merchant Joseph Stansbury[c] who then "went secretly to New York with a tender of [Arnold's] services to Sir Henry Clinton". Thereafter his name became an epithet for traitor in the United States. Samuel Spring carried him to the makeshift hospital at the Htel Dieu. Only action by Arnold's superior at Ticonderoga prevented his own arrest on countercharges leveled by Hazen. [87], Once Arnold established himself at West Point, he began systematically weakening its defenses and military strength. Four days later, Arnold sent a ciphered letter with similar content into New York through the services of the wife of a prisoner of war. [35], During these actions, Arnold made a number of friends and a larger number of enemies within the army power structure and in Congress. For additional information about Arnold's amazing career as a Continental officer, consult James Kirby Martin, Benedict Arnold, Revolutionary Hero: An American Warrior Reconsidered (New York, 1997). On November 10, 1778, General Nathanael Greene wrote to General John Cadwalader, "I am told General Arnold is become very unpopular among you oweing to his associateing too much with the Tories. On August 25, Peggy finally delivered to him Clinton's agreement to the terms. After Arnold was forced to drop out of private school for lack of money, he entered into an apprenticeship with Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, two of his mother's cousins. How did Benedict Arnold betray the Continental Army to the British? The Arnold residence attained the reputation as one of early Amsterdam's finer homes. "[144] The victory monument at Saratoga has four niches, three of which are occupied by statues of Generals Gates, Schuyler, and Morgan. [132], Early biographers attempted to describe Arnold's entire life in terms of treacherous or morally questionable behavior. With Benedict Arnold, he led the Green Mountain Boys to capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775. Benedict Arnold is an American Revolutionary War General who is known for being the best American Strategist during the war. Congress restored Arnold's command seniority in response to his valor at Saratoga. When his British contact, Maj. John Andr, was captured by the Americans, Arnold escaped on a British ship, leaving Andr to be hanged as a spy. Arnold immediately hastened to the shore and ordered bargemen to row him downriver to where HMS Vulture was anchored, fleeing on it to New York City. Lee Moran. [42] Amid negotiations over that issue, Arnold wrote out a letter of resignation on July 11, the same day that word arrived in Philadelphia that Fort Ticonderoga had fallen to the British. This was the last straw. [89] Eventually, a meeting was set for September 11 near Dobb's Ferry. attended Canterbury for a while, but when the family's money was lost in some bad business dealings, he had to leave school. . Crippled from his wounds, Arnold was placed in command of Philadelphia (June 1778), where he socialized with families of loyalist sympathies and lived extravagantly. Historians have identified many possible factors contributing to Arnold's treason, while some debate their relative importance. The fort was finally captured by the British in 1759. [36] However, an acrimonious dispute with Moses Hazen, commander of the 2nd Canadian Regiment, boiled into Hazen's court martial at Ticonderoga during the summer of 1776. [128], Arnold left a small estate, reduced in size by his debts, which Peggy undertook to clear. While Benedict Arnold escaped to British-occupied New York, where he was protected from punishment. Benedict Arnold's name is synonymous with the word traitor. Benedict Arnold passed away on 3 March 1849. Arnold reopened the secret channels with the British, informing them of Schuyler's proposals and including Schuyler's assessment of conditions at West Point. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. A Connecticut militia force arrived at Ticonderoga in June; Arnold had a dispute with its commander over control of the fort, and resigned his Massachusetts commission. He received a colonel's commission in the Continental Army for this expedition and left Cambridge in September 1775 with 1,100 men. Shutterstock Though one might guess that the dish was named for Benedict Arnold, the most famous traitor of the American Revolution, it was not. [117] After her first voyage, Arnold returned to London in 1786 to bring his family to Saint John. [104] He justified his actions in an open letter titled "To the Inhabitants of America", published in newspapers in October 1780. By. My family have voted conservative in most elections. In the later part of the conflict, Arnold was commissioned as a brigadier general in the British Army, and placed in command of the American Legion. The Portrayal of Benedict Arnold in American History", Shy, John. 3. Washington also infiltrated men into New York City in an attempt to capture Arnold. By the time that he was 14, there was no money for private education. "[102], The British gave Arnold a brigadier general's commission with an annual income of several hundred pounds, but they paid him only 6,315 plus an annual pension of 360[b] for his defection because his plot had failed. 5. They issued him a colonel's commission on May 3, 1775, and he immediately rode off to Castleton in the disputed New Hampshire Grants (Vermont) in time to participate with Ethan Allen and his men in the capture of Fort Ticonderoga. In 1775, when the war began, he was a merchant operating ships in the Atlantic Ocean. Benedict Arnold (14 January 1741 [O.S. He traveled extensively in the course of his business throughout New England and from Quebec to the West Indies, often in command of one of his own ships. Did he become a traitor because of all the injustice he suffered, real and imagined, at the hands of the Continental Congress and his jealous fellow generals? [3] Some among those in his military and political circles charged him with corruption and other bad acts. Arnold returned to England in 1791, but he left to spend several years privateering in the West Indies before permanently settling in London. Benedict Arnold was born a British subject, the second of six children of his father Benedict Arnold III (16831761) and Hannah Waterman King in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. This monument was erected under the patronage of the State of Connecticut in the 55th year of the Independence of the U.S.A. in memory of the brave patriots massacred at Fort Griswold near this spot on the 6th of Sept. Because of the constant agony of two battlefield wounds in an already gout-ridden leg? [49][citation not found], Arnold spent several months recovering from his injuries. Benedict Arnold was unhappy with his position in the Continental Army by the time he betrayed the cause of the American Revolution to the British. [116] Delivery of his first ship the Lord Sheffield was accompanied by accusations from the builder that Arnold had cheated him; Arnold claimed that he had merely deducted the contractually agreed amount when the ship was delivered late. His health simply declined, partly as a result of his war wounds, partly as a result of what used to be called dropsy edema, the dramatic retention of fluid in limbs. -Benedict Arnold, January, 1780. [75], Arnold's court martial on charges of profiteering began meeting on June 1, 1779, but it was delayed until December 1779 by Clinton's capture of Stony Point, New York, throwing the army into a flurry of activity to react. After Arnold was wounded in 1777, George Washington named him military governor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, recently abandoned by the British. [54] Such schemes were not uncommon among American officers, but Arnold's schemes were sometimes frustrated by powerful local politicians such as Joseph Reed, who eventually amassed enough evidence to publicly air charges against him. The prisoner was dressed in miltary uniform. [103] The anti-war Whigs had gained the upper hand in Parliament, and Germain was forced to resign, with the government of Lord North falling not long after. Upon the outbreak of hostilities at Lexington, Massachusetts (April 1775), Arnold volunteered for service and participated with Ethan Allen in the successful colonial attack on British-held Fort Ticonderoga, New York, the following month. He then went to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and suggested to George Washington a second expedition to attack Quebec City via a wilderness route through Maine. He was a general that preferred to lead in the front then the back, always riding his horse into battle alongside his men. AD 1781, when the British, under the command of the Traitor Benedict Arnold, burnt the towns of New London and Groton and spread desolation and woe throughout the region. Various translations of Sun Tzu's The Art of War have been published over the past century. 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