Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. James "Pa" Ferguson was the Governor of Texas from 1915 to 1917, when he was impeached and convicted on several charges. He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he Mr. Ferguson, known as "Pa", ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. In 1906, he sold Farmers bank and established Temple State Bank. . This led to a special session being called by the Legislature, to press for Fergusons impeachment. Farmer Jim wasnt even much of a farmer, though he owned a few farms and was incredibly loyal to farmers. Ferguson was removed from office and deemed ineligible to hold any position of honor, trust, or profit under the laws of Texas by the Court of Impeachment by a vote of twenty-five to three. FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. State legislators created a select committee to launch an investigation into possibly impeaching Wallace Hall, an appointed member of the University of Texas System Board of Regents. Even his former political allies couldnt find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence and his own indefensible behavior. Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson (Texas A&M University Press, 2017) Hardcover. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. American banker and politician (18711944), Brochure, "Meet the Fergusons: Two Governors for the Price of One", Bell County Museum, Belton, Texas, Lucadia Christiana Niles Pease (18671869), Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Texas Politics Project, Governors of Texas, 12. Some legislators justified the impeachment on the grounds that Hall did not disclose several lawsuits that he was involved in when he originally completed his Regent background check. He maintained his. "Ma" Ferguson became the second female governor in the United States, with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming being the first. He showed up most every day to his own trial, invited or not, with two armed Texas Rangers as escorts. The issues were prohibition, the tax rate, and certain unpalatable rumors concerning the Ferguson administration. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. 2-stem governor fro 1921-1924 . Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. The Legislature is aghast at the meddling with the flagship state university. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, forced to resign and barred from holding further Texas office.[1][2][3][4]. "[14], An effort was begun in June 2013 to try and impeach Hall from his position as regent. James Edward Ferguson Jr. (August 31, 1871 September 21, 1944), known as Pa Ferguson, was an American Democratic politician and the 26th Governor of Texas, in office from 1915 to 1917. Impeachment is the power of a legislative body to address charges of impropriety or criminality by a government official, such as a governor or lieutenant governor. July 2, 20146 AM Central. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still popular among his hardcore supporters and rallied back. Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. The vote was 25-3. Connally, John Bowden, Jr. If the state legislature is not in regular session during the time of impeachment, a special session can be called specifically to handle impeachments. Southwestern Historical Quarterly 86 (October 1982). The Court of Impeachment, by a vote of twenty-five to three, removed Ferguson from office and made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit under the state of Texas. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. The landholdings of the prison system were greatly increased, and because of the rising price of farm commodities, the system became self-sustaining; during the years of war prosperity, it showed a profit. The fight with the university touched off a massive scandal. The specifics are left to the state legislators to determine. Dan Moody. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Join us! Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from the Lone Star state. Sam Houston ex-governor banned from holding state office. An overview by John R. Lundberg offers a comprehensive survey of the impeachment process. Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. During the events that led up to the final quarrel, the University of Texas Board of Regents had repeatedly refused to remove certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable. This independence made him critical of existing policies, earning him sufficient popular support to win office, but also the consequent wrath of the establishment that could have protected him from investigation. The Freddy's Glass legacyPeople who knew our dad and his story say he would be proud of us, but we say, Man, were proud of himHe truly. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. "Ferguson Impeachment Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. Even his former political allies couldn't find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence - and his own indefensible behavior. James Edward Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County in 1871. [7], If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate is required to sit as a court of impeachment. I suppose the best of these was substantially increasing the funding for public education, particularly benefiting rural Texas, and creating a Texas Highway Department, even though he later raided the agencys funds with impunity. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. The report concluded that Hall had a legitimate reason for having the documents in question. Gulf of Mexico warming at faster rate than global ocean, study finds, As Texas STAAR test goes fully online, teachers feel defeated, Texas Education Agency projects confidence, Texas Standard for Feb. 23, 2023: Why many cotton farmers arent planting as much this year. She served two nonconsecutive two-year terms as governor: January 20, 1925 January 17, 1927. James Edward (Pa) Ferguson (1871-1944), Texas governor, son of James Edward and Fannie (Fitzpatrick) Ferguson, was born on August 31, 1871, near Salado, Bell County, Texas. As Hamilton wrote in the Federalist Papers, a core source of original meaning, the framers "borrowed" the model from the English.And, as Raskin pointed . His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. Governor have not acted, then by proclamation of the President Pro Tempore of the State Senate. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. The campaign proved him to be a man of considerable native ability and the possessor of a captivating personality. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics . As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. Oklahoma has impeached and removed two governors, and West Virginia impeached four members of its State Supreme Court at the same time in 2018. Sam Houston's life was, Ann Willis Richards (born 1933) was elected Democratic governor of Texas in 1990, the second woman ever to hold that position in the state's history., American politician Nellie Tayloe Ross (1876-1977) gained fame in the 1920s when she was elected governor of Wyoming, becoming the first woman in the, Barbara Jordan (american Congressional Representative), Jordan, Barbara Charline The Board of Regents hired the firm to review whether Hall may have violated any federal privacy laws in his handling of student information. In 1924, Ferguson entered his wife Miriam, known as "Ma", in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance, and banking. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. When Vinson refused to fire the professors, Ferguson went after the Board of Regents to get them to do his bidding. We help women historians thrive through events, resources, and community. When the House is not in session, there are three ways that the House may be convened for purposes of impeachment. The entire process is substantially the same in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of the other states. Jordan, Barbara Charline The Texas House of Representatives prepared 21 charges against Ferguson, and, in his impeachment trial, the Texas Senate convicted him on 10 of those charges, including misapplication of public funds and receiving $156,000 from an unnamed source.[12][13]. FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still very popular among his hard-core supporters and rallied back. [18] He added that the investigation was "extraordinary political theater. By W.F. Among the charges was falsifying campaign finance reports to conceal a loan to his campaign of $350,000. Ferguson was reelected by a majority of about 60,000 votes, but opposition was sufficient to show that many Texans, including a number who were not prohibitionists, were displeased with his stewardship. In 1903, Ferguson was elected as city attorney in Belton, Texas. And she won. Ferguson, had a stormy two-term reign and was impeached in 1917 over charges of misappropriation of funds regarding the University of Texas as well as embezzlement. Found in volume 15,291 (available at govinfo). In 1917, Gov. James Edward Ferguson Collection, Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin. Counties | [7], In 1914, Ferguson was elected as governor of Texas by running as an anti-prohibitionist Democrat. In 1930 he conducted the unsuccessful campaign of his wife for the governorship, and in 1932 he conducted her successful campaign for the same office. To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. How to run for office | In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. He was reelected in 1916 but the following year was impeached on grounds of misusing public funds and removed from office. Samuel Houston (1793-1863), American statesman and soldier, was the person most responsible for bringing Texas into the Union. we are currently accepting new members. The movement to impeach and remove James Ferguson as governor ultimately ended with Ferguson _____. State executives | Throughout his years in banking he took an active interest in county and local politics. Kay Reed Arnold then follows the Ferguson story into the halls of academia at the University of Texaswhich Ferguson threatened to closesparking a fierce response by faculty, alumni, students, and, especially, the Womens Committee for Good Government. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. And here, Ferguson made his second blunder. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed By Ken Bridges Jan 30, 2020 0 1 of 2 Gov. He claimed to be painstakingly honest; he was an embezzler. He convened the commission, and the body approved that Barker write a letter to the Governor-elect. James E. Ferguson Called on Tejanos to rise up/support the revolution; Called on other minorities to join Tejanos to carve out a republic from land US took from Mexico US Pancho Villa Mexican guerilla leader led an attack on Columbus NM (Mar. But Ferguson ran for governor in the 1918 Democratic primary. At age 12 he entered Salado College (a preparatory school) but was eventually expelled for disobedience. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The 1920 presidential election was won by Republican candidate Warren Harding. In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. Norman Kittrell, Governors Who Have Been and Other Public Men of Texas (Houston: Dealy-Adey-Elgin, 1921). 1. so that gubernatorial elections will not be influenced by a presidential election 2. so that candidates cannot run for governor and a federal office at the same time 3. so that voters will not become overwhelmed by too many candidates in one year 4. because Texas happened to become part of the US during an off-year He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. Oklahoma has impeached and removed two governors, and West Virginia impeached four members of its State Supreme Court at the same time in 2018. Almost a century later, the impeachment of Ferguson by the Texas House of Representatives presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing Hall saga. He made only a few speeches and must have known long before the votes were cast that Mrs. Ferguson had no chance to win. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. The chair of the State Library and Historical Commission, Eugene C. Barker, heard talk about these plans and intervened in support of Winkler. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. [11] Another leading Ferguson critic on the UT campus was the historian Eugene C. Barker. Ross Phares, The Governors of Texas (Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican, 1976). There are 31 members of the Texas State Senate. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the board of regents fire them. StrongJanuary 29, 202010:48 amArts & Culture, Stories From Texas, Bain News Service /Wikimedia Commons [Public domain]. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. Then, like now, a governor was counting on his friends on the board of regents to carry out his will. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. In the wake of the controversy, issues from Fergusons past campaign for governor in 1916 came back into the spotlight. The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. The account said Ferguson accused the student protesters of committing treason against him. Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. [20], A January 2014 review by the law firm Hilder & Associates concluded that there was "no credible evidence of a violation of [the state government code] that would warrant a referral for criminal prosecution." The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. Although he had never held office, he was not a stranger to political problems; he had done much work in keeping local-option prohibition from Bell County, had been one of the Bell County managers in the campaign of Robert L. Henry for Congress in 1902, had helped carry Bell County for Cone Johnson in his contest with Joseph Weldon Bailey in 1908, had served as a campaign manager for Robert V. Davidson in 1910, and had aided Oscar B. Colquitt in his successful gubernatorial campaign (1912). [5], In 2013, the Texas State Legislature began an impeachment trial for Regent Wallace Hall. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. In his eyes, the university was made up of corruptionists, draft dodgers, two-bit thieves and butterfly chasers, according to a historical account compiled by what is now the Texas Exes. In 1928, for the first time since 1914, Ferguson was not an active participant in a political campaign, but even then he took some interest in the race for the governorship and gave his support to Louis J. Wardlaw. | Nellie Tayloe Ross was sworn in on January 5, 1925; Miriam Ferguson followed on January 20. He blamed his directors for running a shoddy operation. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. When the Democratic Party dominated the Texas political landscape, winning the Democratic primary often sealed the election results. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . Ferguson declared that the Legislature was nothing more than a kangaroo court," resigned a day before the official conviction, and was steadfast in his beliefs that the judgment didnt apply to him, according to Rutherford. (b. One final note of incredulity. The second was state District Judge OliveroCarrilloin 1976, who was impeached for income tax fraud. His mother continued to live on the farm, and he began working in the fields as a young boy. Legislators have accused Hall of abusing his power and targeting University of Texas, Austin President Bill Powers, while Hall maintains he was acting as a responsible regent investigating situations of clout and accountability problems within the University of Texas system. After 20 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor, Lt. Ballotpedia features 395,442 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. 2] THE IMPEACHMENT OF JAMES E. FERGUSON I85 there, was immediately converted to the legal profession. So to prove this to them, Ferguson called a special session to consider a UT funding bill he could sign. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. KVUE is looking back at the history of some past Texas governors. The first had to do with his abuse of power while attempting to micromanage the University of Texas. The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. Hearing the gasps in the chamber, Ferguson immediately asked to strike the comment. Jordan wa, Houston, Sam He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. The Legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. The tenant law was passed but remained on the statute books only a short time before being declared unconstitutional. The House sent 21 articles of impeachment to the Senate. You are currently viewing a legacy feature of the Texas Politics Project website. Aside from the act instituting the highway department, the second Ferguson administration was marked by little in the way of important legislation. The accusations against Mayes were that he used his ownership of newspapers, including the Brownwood Bulletin, to spread negative information about Ferguson. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. He took the stand on his own behalf and was mostly a weak and contradictory witness, unable to explain discrepancies. A powerful governor clashes with the University of Texas at Austin. Jim "Pa" Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. Reprinted with permission from the Handbook of Texas Online, a joint project of the Texas State Historical Association and the General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin. In order for an official to be impeached, articles of impeachment must be brought by the Texas House of Representatives. Before the process could be completed, Ferguson resigned from office, contending that the legislative action against him was a kangaroo court. He tapped Reverend Allan Ferguson Cunningham to serve as State Librarian, despite his lack of training or experience in the field. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing saga involving University of Texas System Regent Wallace Hall. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. 4. The prohibitionists passed over their better-known leaders and gave their support to Charles H. Morris of Winnsboro, a political unknown. The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. In 1922 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate. The vote was 25-3. When he was four years old, his father died. James Ferguson. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U. S. Senate by a wide margin. This might sound like the controversy involving UT System Regent Wallace Hall, an appointee of Gov. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. Jim Ferguson so enormously popular 100 years ago. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. [2], Impeachments have historically been reserved for cases in which a public official committed a criminal act. The excitement that greeted the veto was soon overshadowed by the greater excitement that surrounded the impeachment trial. [8] Hall, as an individual citizen, filed FOIA requests with the University system after his inquiries via his role as a Regent were rebuffed. Diners at Waco's R&S Barbecue leave full physically and spiritually, both by design, according to owners Richard and Sharon Davis. He submitted his resignation the day before he was scheduled to be formally convicted. He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance and banking. James Ferguson. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. Jim Ferguson got in trouble for throwing his weight around, and for using the publics money as a personal slush fund. The legality of the speaker calling a session was questionable the Texas Constitution says only the governor can call a special session but the point became moot when Ferguson called his own special session to discuss the budget for the University of Texas. The legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. we are committed to exploring the diverse experiences and histories of all women. Nine of the charges can be described as violations of the law, while the obtaining of $156,500 from a secret source was certainly not in keeping with good policy. Ferguson was so enraged by the demonstrators that he got into a yelling match with one of the student protestors and had to be restrained from climbing out of his window to fight them, according to The Impeachment of Jim Ferguson, a 1983 book by Bruce Rutherford. The ruling declared that he could no longer hold office in Texas, but he ran the campaigns of his wife, Miriam "Ma" Ferguson. It proved his undoing. Copyright 2022 Coordinating Council for Women in History. In her first term, Miriam Ma Ferguson, as she was known, had a law passed that gave amnesty to all Texas officials formerly impeached. Millions of Texans have rare diseases. System has not protected the privacy rights of students, staff, and patients. Similarly, the Texas constitution gives the lower house of the legislature power to impeach judges, the governor, and statewide elected officials. Hall investigated the university's forgivable-loans program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals. Elections in 2023 | There were two major elements of the impeachment charges brought against Ferguson in 1917. The policy of state aid to rural schools was begun, and a rather timid law requiring compulsory school attendance was passed. Bruce Rutherford, The Impeachment of Jim Ferguson (Austin: Eakin Press, 1983). The second had to do with his utilization of the Temple Bank he had controlling interest in as his personal slush fund. He was impeached in 1917 and removed from office. An effort was begun in 2013 to investigate the possibility of impeaching University of Texas Regent Wallace Hall. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. The founders did not invent impeachment. The first and only Texas governor to be impeached is Governor James "Pa" Ferguson. (February 23, 2023). He left home at 16, traveling and taking odd jobs until he returned to farm in Bell County. In 1916 Ferguson's reelection seemed certain. Cities | State legislature | [9] According to his accusers, Hall filed requests of more than 800,000 pages, which some Texas administrators called an unnecessary burden. A reiteration and compilation of documents created in the House impeachment proceedings. Massive scandal our editorial staff, and expanded into real estate, insurance, and community convicted., following questions of improper use of her pardoning power appointee of Gov the top the... Reserved for cases in which a public official committed a criminal act are! 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Which included misapplication of public funds and abuse of power while attempting to micromanage the University S. by!, American statesman and soldier, was the person most responsible for bringing Texas into the.. He only made the ballot in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of presidency! Touched off a massive scandal the account said Ferguson accused the student of! Found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion a! Concerning the Ferguson administration John R. Lundberg offers a comprehensive survey of the page across from the title... Special session to consider a UT funding bill he could sign the possessor of a local prep school Salado! The vote reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses to present the case to Senate. College, at age 12 for misbehavior Another leading Ferguson critic on board! 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